HbA1c coefficient of variation is an independent risk factor for chronic complications in type 2 diabetes in the FIELD study Abstract # 1060 Session: Factors … Main outcome measures Prevalence of diabetes … Overall between-sensor coefficient of variation (CV) was 8.0 %, and the mean lag time was 3.1 (95 % confidence interval [CI]: 2.54 to 4.29) minutes. Background: New metrics generated by Continuous Glucose Monitoring (CGM) have highlighted the importance of glucose variability, measured as coefficient of variation. A model of constraint was previously applied to define a set of 3,230 genes with a high probability of intolerance to heterozygous pLoF variation (pLI) 4 and estimated the selection coefficient … 5. The coefficient of variation (CV) is the ratio of the standard deviation to the mean. Glucose Variability: How far apart (wide) glucose values are; ideally a low number equal to or less than 36% [percent coefficient of variation] Time in Ranges: [shown in % of device readings and in hours/minutes of a 24 hours day] Diabetes mellitus is a major public health problem with rapidly increasing prevalence. The coefficient of variation of fasting plasma glucose was retrospectively calculated in 130 patients without retinopathy at baseline with an average follow-up of 5.2 yr. The coefficient of variation (time-domain analysis) especially during deep breathing could be valuable for detecting CAN. Toward Defining the Threshold Between Low and High Glucose Variability in Diabetes - PubMed. To assess the associations of various HbA1c measures, including a single baseline HbA1c value, overall mean, yearly updated means, standard deviation (HbA1c-SD), coefficient of variation (HbA1c-CV), and HbA1c variability score (HVS), with microvascular disease (MVD) risk in patients with type 2 diabetes. The purpose of the NGSP is to standardize Hemoglobin A1c test results to those of the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT) and United Kingdom Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) which established the direct relationships between HbA1c levels and outcome risks in patients with diabetes. DN category was based on consensus albuminuria reference limits and the progression status was confirmed from medical files. Clinicians need to obtain information regarding the coefficient of variation ( CV) from the methodology used at their site. The intra-cluster correlation coefficient (ICC) is a measure of the relatedness, or similarity, of clustered data. Glycaemic variability is an integral component of glucose homoeostasis. The traditional statistical calculation of BG includes standard deviation (SD) (27), coefficient of variation (CV), or other metrics, such as the M-value introduced in 1965 (28), the mean amplitude of glucose excursions (MAGE) introduced in 1970 (29), the glycemic lability index (30), or the mean absolute glucose (MAG) change (31, 32). Human genetic variation is the genetic differences in and among populations.There may be multiple variants of any given gene in the human population (), a situation called polymorphism.No two humans are genetically identical. Glycemic variability (%CV) • Glycemic variability is characterized by the amplitude, frequency, and duration of glucose fluctuations • Coefficient of variation (%CV) is used to quantify variability by dividing the standard deviation by the mean ≤36%* 6. Glucose Variability: How far apart (wide) glucose values are; ideally a low number equal to or less than 36% [percent coefficient of variation] Time in Ranges: [shown in % of device readings and in hours/minutes of a 24 hours day] - Time in Target: Ideally, glucose values are in target range Diabetes Res Clin Pract. Clinical Factors Associated with High Glycemic Variability Defined by Coefficient of Variation in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Med Devices (Auckl). The aim of this study was to examine whether short- and/or long-term glycemic variability (GV) contribute to CAN. Epub 2015 May 19. The lower the value of the coefficient of variation, the … A %CV of 33% was set as the threshold for excess glucose variability in Chinese diabetes. A model of constraint was previously applied to define a set of 3,230 genes with a high probability of intolerance to heterozygous pLoF variation (pLI) 4 and estimated the selection coefficient … Remnant cholesterol was calculated as total cholesterol – LDL cholesterol – HDL cholesterol and variability as the coefficient of variation. Both type 1 and type 2 diabetes are associated with an increased prevalence of PDs. 1 Coronavirus: Find the latest articles and preprints The aim of this paper is to measure the change in HbA1c, and the Coefficient of Variation in glucose levels, when using CGM, once the effect of other relevant variables, such as gender, actual age, the years the patient has had diabetes, use of an insulin pump, the presence of autoimmune disease, other associated pathologies, and weekly hours of exercise, are controlled for. This study aimed to investigate whether long-term HbA1c variability is associated with the development and progression of diabetic retinopathy (DR) in subjects with type 2 diabetes. However, SD must be interpreted in context with the mean glucose, which leads us to the third metric: coefficient of variation (CV). Diabetic ketoacidosis and hyperosmolar hyperglycemic syndrome (HHS) are life threatening complications that occur in patients with diabetes. Most people with diabetes would not have nearly that low an SD. An international consensus recommended the coefficient of variation (CV) as the main measure of GV, because it can predict hypoglycemia more accurately than other GV indices including the standard deviation (SD) [ 8 ]. Methods: We considered several thresholds defining hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia and examined wide ranges of median … Percentage coefficient of variation for glucose (%CV = [(SD of glucose)/(mean glucose)]3 100) and frequencies of hypoglycemia (interstitial glucose<56 mg/dL [3.1 mmol/L]) were computed. The coefficient of variation (calculated from the blood glucose mean and SD and expressed as %CV) gives a measure of glucose variability and, if high, suggests an increased risk of hypoglycemia. It is depicted by the Greek letter rho – ρ. Cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy (CAN) increases morbidity and mortality in diabetes through association with a high risk of cardiac arrhythmias and sudden death, possibly related to silent myocardial ischemia. A 14-day average of your glucose on a CGM, plus your coefficient of variation (CV) that measures glucose variability. 2 Image courtesy of David Aron, M.D., Louis Stokes Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center. A total of 110 patients with type 2 diabetes who underwent three-day continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) completed five standardized autonomic neuropathy … CV is a fancy term for a simple calculation: dividing the SD by the mean glucose and multiplying by 100 to get a percentage. However, SD must be interpreted in context with the mean glucose, which leads us to the third metric: coefficient of variation (CV). Meanwhile, HbA 1c and the type of diabetes should be considered for the goal‐setting of %CV. The coefficient of variation (CV) is a statistical measure of the dispersion of data points in a data series around the mean. In finance, the coefficient of variation allows investors to determine how much volatility, or risk, is assumed in comparison to the amount of return expected from investments. Coefficient of variation of R-R interval closely correlates with glycemic variability assessed by continuous glucose monitoring in insulin-depleted patients with type 1 diabetes. Aims/Introduction To define the target value for the percentage coefficient of variation for glucose (%CV) as a measure of glycemic variability (GV) in Chinese diabetes … It is generally expressed as a percentage. This association in older adults is not well studied. There have been several studies examining dietary protein and renal function . Participants had a mean age of 64.5 ± 13.3 years with the duration of the disease 13.9 ± 12.4 years and HbA1c of 8.5 ± 1.2%. Patients were classified as with or without the metabolic syndrome,or as metabolic syndrome with newly diagnosed Type 2 DM. OBJECTIVE: We investigated the relation of the coefficient of variation of the R-R intervals in diabetic patients and healthy subjects, and the cardiovascular responses during exercise. 7,8 HbA1c measured by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was reported in categories <7%, 7–9% and >9%. Ebert et al. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHOD: The subjects were 8 males with type 2 diabetes mellitus, and 8 age-matched healthy non-diabetic males (healthy controls). The childhood incidence rate of T1DM in Australia (22.5 per 100,000 population) is one of the highest in the world [] and sits in the top 10 of countries compared across the globe [].The population prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in Australia is similar … METHODS: Consecutive subjects, aged 30-65 years with a body mass index >or= 25 kg/m(2) were recruited. We recently used a general boosted model to investigate the predictive power of different measures of glucose variability for hypoglycemia. Background: A recent paper concluded that a percentage coefficient of variability (%CV) of 36% appears to be a suitable threshold to distinguish between … The variability in BMI is a risk factor for the develop- Diabetes is one of the top 10 global causes of mortality. The coefficient of variation was calculated as standard deviation/average glucose x 100%. Data from 535 days in 67 participants were analysed. Many human genomes have been reported using short-read technology, but it is difficult to resolve structural variants (SVs) using these data. However, type 1 diabetes patients tend to have the most extensive metabolic derangements, with a pH lower than that in type 2 diabetes patients . A Fast Feature Selection Method Based on Coefficient of Variation for Diabetics Prediction Using Machine Learning: 10.4018/IJEACH.2019010106: Diabetes has become a prevalent metabolic disease nowadays, affecting patients of all age groups and large populations around the … The authors concluded that the system worked well for people with diabetes in China, and it is easy to wear and use. Author links open overlay panel Shingo Iwasaki a Junji Kozawa a Kenji Fukui a b Hiromi Iwahashi a Akihisa Imagawa a Iichiro Shimomura a. CV is a fancy term for a simple calculation: dividing the SD by the mean glucose and multiplying by 100 to get a percentage. Periodontal disease (PD) is a chronic inflammation of periodontal tissue associated with infection from specific anaerobic pathogens contained in dental plaque. We examine the correlation of risks of hypo- and hyperglycemia calculated using different glucose thresholds and the relationships of these risks to the mean glucose, SD, and percentage coefficient of variation (%CV). Next, the HCP can look at the glucose management indicator (GMI), which is a new term for estimated A1C based on CGM data. Coefficient of variation of R-R interval closely correlates with glycemic variability assessed by continuous glucose monitoring in insulin-depleted patients with type 1 diabetes. In addition to timely identification of the precipitating cause, the first step in acute management of these disorders includes aggressive administration of intravenous fluids with appropriate replacement of electrolytes (primarily … The coefficient of variation (CV) was calculated over 5-year sliding intervals. Association of glycemic variability in type 1 diabetes with progression of microvascular outcomes in the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial. Hemoglobin A1c plays a significant role in the diagnosis, evaluation, and management of diabetes mellitus, as well as in the categorical diagnosis of prediabetes (defined as an A1c level between 5.7% and 6.4% [39 and 46 mmol/mol], inclusive).1 An A1c level of 6.5% (48 mmol/mol) or greater is used to diagnose diabetes.2 High A1c levels predict complications in diabetes.3 Diabetes treatment goals are … The higher the coefficient of variation, the greater the level of dispersion around the mean. BP variability was assessed by measuring average BP, standard deviation (SD) of systolic and diastolic BP, and coefficient of variation (CV) of systolic and diastolic BP during daytime and nighttime ABPM. Coefficient Of Variation - CV: A coefficient of variation (CV) is a statistical measure of the dispersion of data points in a data series around the mean. Over one million Australians are living with diabetes and 10% of these have type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). DOI: 10.1186/s12872-016-0467-0 Corpus ID: 13774470. 2015 Aug;109 (2):397-403. doi: 10.1016/j.diabres.2015.05.021. The mean BG 166.3 versus 162.2 mg/dL (p = 0.19), coefficient of variation 32% versus 33% (p = 0.54), and percent of time in range (70 to 180 mg/dL) 59.6% versus 66.8% (p = 0.35) were achieved. 7,8 Patients with CV% ≥36% were classified in the high glycemic variability group. In probability theory and statistics, variance is the expectation of the squared deviation of a random variable from its mean.In other words, it measures how far a set of numbers is spread out from their average value. Based on a CV (coefficient of variation) of 5.7%, FPG can range from 112–140 mg/dL in an individual with an FPG of 126 mg/dL. The frequency of glucose measurements ranged from quarterly to yearly, so long-term variability of … Defining the target value of the coefficient of variation by continuous glucose monitoring in Chinese people with diabetes. The top number (systolic) minus the bottom number (diastolic) gives you your pulse pressure. Most people with diabetes would not have nearly that low an SD. It is presently unclear whether glycemic variability is associated with diabetic cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy (CAN). In order to recognize glucose variability as an independent risk factor or a causal factor in the development of microvascular and macrovascular complications or mortality, glucose variability should be deleterious above the harmful effects of both hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia. As an example, an HbA1c of 8.0% from a laboratory with a CV of 3% would be within a 7.76- Analysis started: 2020-08-25 01:21:34.177669: Analysis finished: 2020-08-25 01:21:44.974445: Duration: 10.8 seconds: Version: pandas-profiling v2.8.0: Command line RESULTS Percentages of CV (median [interquartile range]; %) increased significantly (P < International Journal of Diabetes and Clinical Research is a global peer reviewed open access journal that emphasis on the different aspects of clinical diabetes. Setting 31 provinces in mainland China with nationally representative cross sectional data from 2015 to 2017. PDF | Background: High glycemic Variability (HGV) has become a stronger predictor of hypoglycemia. When corrected for the mean by dividing it through the mean, the coefficient of variation is obtained and the linear relationship with mean glucose largely disappears ( 3 ). Can coefficient of variation of time-domain analysis be valuable for detecting cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy in young patients with type 1 diabetes: a case control study All primary and secondary outcomes reflecting the BG profile of a T1D patient were analyzed and compared to the clinical data. Glycaemic variability was calculated in terms of the coefficient of variation. It highlights the investigative reports focusing on areas such as the pathogenesis of diabetes and its complications, normal and pathologic pancreatic islet function and intermediary metabolism, pharmacological mechanisms … A %CV of 36% appears to be a suitable threshold to distinguish between stable and unstable glycemia in diabetes because beyond this limit, the frequency of hypoglycemia is significantly increased, especially in insulin-treated subjects. The intraindividual biological variation in creatinine measurement is significantly higher in people with CKD (coefficient of variation 5.3%) than in healthy people (coefficient of variation 2.7%) (7,8). The percentage of time in range (TIR) that your glucose stays between 70 and 180 mg/dL, plus a minimum of time spent below 70 mg/dL. To define the target value for the percentage coefficient of variation for glucose (%CV) as a measure of glycemic variability (GV) in Chinese diabetes patients. Even monozygotic twins (who develop from one zygote) have infrequent genetic differences due to mutations occurring during development and gene copy-number variation. used long-read structural variation calling across 64 human genomes representing diverse populations and developed new methods … The normalised standard deviation is known as the coefficient of variation (CV) and is simply calculated as follows: CV = (σ ÷ Average) × 100 Precision refers to how closely individual measurements agree to each other, the lower the CV, the more precise the values. Background: Examine the expected relationships between time in range (%TIR), time above range (%TAR), and time below range (%TBR) with median glucose (or %HbA1c) and %coefficient of variation (%CV) of glucose for various shapes of the glucose distribution. Time … This observational prospective study covered 5150 FinnDiane Study participants. It is also suggested that CV may be a more accurate measure to assess time spent in hypoglycemia, as opposed to A1c. 4 included 122 persons with type 1 diabetes. Treatment of DKA remains expensive, with individual admission costs estimated to ~$17,500 in the US [ 17 ] and average costs of £886 to £1803 per episode in the UK [ 18 - 20 ]. The risk for developing diabetes increased by 15.0% per 1% increase in coefficient of variation of BMI in participants without impaired fasting glucose at baseline. Design Population based, cross sectional study. Coefficient of variation: assay variability Biological variability With a coefficient of variation of 5.7% (typical biological variation within the same person), an FPG test result of 126 mg/dL could indicate a true FPG of anywhere from approximately 110 to 142 mg/dL. Coefficient of variation showed the highest relative influence on hypoglycemia rate, >40%, followed by MAG contributing with somewhat more than 10%, although not statistically significant, and contributions below 5% of average daily risk range (ADRR), … Although it has not yet been definitively confirmed as an independent risk factor for diabetes complications, glycaemic variability can represent the presence of excess glycaemic excursions and, consequently, the risk of hyperglycaemia or hypoglycaemia. The coefficient of variation quantified day-to-day variability of exogenous insulin requirements during up to 15 days using fully automated closed-loop insulin delivery. Intraindividual variation in a healthy person is reported to be 5.7–8.3%, whereas interindividual variation of up to 12.5% has been observed (6,7). In 2017, the global prevalence of diabetes among people aged 20–79 years was 425 million, mainly comprising type 1 or type 2 . Clinical variables such as GFR < 45 mL/min, HbA1C> 9% and a history of hypoglycemia are associated with a high GV. There are different methods of calculating the ICC, usually requiring a pilot study, but all compare the variance within clusters with the variance between clusters. For example, if your resting blood pressure is 120/80 millimeters of mercury (mm Hg), your pulse pressure is 40 — which is considered a normal and healthy pulse pressure. Objective To assess the prevalence of diabetes and its risk factors. The risk for developing diabetes increased by 11.1% per 1% increase in coefficient of variation of body mass index (BMI). People divided in quintiles based on their CV. These genomes thus lack comprehensive comparisons among individuals and populations. Cox proportional hazard models were used to investigate the role of glycemic CV as risk factor in diabetes-related complications and mortality. We aimed to evaluate the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) according to the prepregnancy long-term fasting plasma glucose (FPG) variability. Objective Long-term glycemic variability has recently been recognized as another risk factor for future adverse health outcomes. Participants 75 880 participants aged 18 and older—a nationally representative sample of the mainland Chinese population.
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